Failure Analysis

• Visual inspection
• Dimensional and hardness measurements
• Metallography
• Scale thickness/oxide/pit measurement(s)
• Establish failure mechanism
• Recommend corrective action

Basic Boiler   Tube Analysis

• Visual inspection
• Dimensional and hardness measurements
• Metallography
• Scale thickness/oxide/pit measurement(s)

Life Assessment

• Visual inspection
• Dimensional and hardness measurements
• Metallography
• Scale thickness/oxide/pit measurement(s)
• Larson Miller Parameter evaluation for steam-touched tubes only

Mill Re-Certification - Mechanical Properties

• Visual inspection
• Metallography
• Material Verification
• Mechanical Testing (Flaring/Flattening/Tensile)
• Dimensional and hardness measurements

 Weld  Analysis 

• Visual Inspection
• Metallography
• Condition of the attachment/pad welds
• Illustrate any weld defects

ID Deposit Weight Density (DWD)

• Deposit removed and weighed using ASTM and NACE standards to determine need for boiler cleaning
• Separate measurements for hot and cold sides

ID Deposit  Analysis

• Elemental analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS)
• Analysis via ion chromatography (IC) for soluble ions

OD Deposit  Analysis

• Elemental analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS)

Scanning  Electron Microscopy

• Fracture surface examination, analysis of inclusions or foreign material, coatings, morphology of oxide and deposits, frequently needed as part of a failure analysis

Material  Verification

• Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) for composition compared to ASME standards

Replication Assessment

• Reveals presence of creep and similar degradation at  the surface of high-energy components

Mechanical Testing

• Quantify properties including yield strength, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation, and reduction in area
• Hardness values utilizing Rockwell B equipment and/or Vickers Microhardness
• Charpy test for toughness
• Flaring and flattening formability tests