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Failure Analysis
- Visual inspection
- Dimensional and hardness measurements
- Metallography
- Scale thickness/oxide/pit measurement(s)
- Establish failure mechanism
- Recommend corrective action
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Basic Boiler Tube Analysis
- Visual inspection
- Dimensional and hardness measurements
- Metallography
- Scale thickness/oxide/pit measurement(s)
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Life Assessment
- Visual inspection
- Dimensional and hardness measurements
- Metallography
- Scale thickness/oxide/pit measurement(s)
- Larson Miller Parameter evaluation for steam-touched tubes only
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Mill Re-Certification- Mechanical Properties
- Visual inspection
- Metallography
- Material Verification
- Mechanical Testing (Flaring/Flattening/Tensile)
- Dimensional and hardness measurements
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Weld Analysis
- Visual Inspection
- Metallography
- Condition of the attachment/pad welds
- Illustrate any weld defects
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ID Deposit Weight Density (DWD)
- Deposit removed and weighed using ASTM and NACE standards to determine need for boiler cleaning
- Separate measurements for hot and cold sides
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ID Deposit Analysis
- Elemental analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS)
- Analysis via ion chromatography (IC) for soluble ions
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OD Deposit Analysis
- Elemental analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS)
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Scanning Electron Microscopy
- Fracture
surface examination, analysis of inclusions or foreign material,
coatings, morphology of oxide and deposits, frequently needed as part of
a failure analysis
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Material Verification
- Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) for composition compared to ASME standards
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Replication Assessment
- Reveals presence of creep and similar degradation at the surface of high-energy components
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Mechanical Testing
- Quantify properties including yield strength, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation, and reduction in area
- Hardness values utilizing Rockwell B equipment and/or Vickers Microhardness
- Charpy test for toughness
- Flaring and flattening formability tests
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